Stanford Freezes Batteries To −200°C: Cryo-XPS Finds Real SEI Chemistry, LiF Overstated In Warm Tests
Battery Tech New Freezing Method Reveals True Chemistry of Lithium Metal Batteries Cryo‑XPS flash‑freezes cells before X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy, preserving the lithium anode interface for a more faithful read‑out of surface chemistry.