Govind Tekale
During nesting and hibernation, more than 70% of wild bee species are at risk due to pesticide residues in soils.
Photo Source: Bernard Rizk (pexels)
In farm soils in Ontario, hazardous cyantraniliprole chemicals surpass toxicity criteria for several bee species.
When exposed to field-realistic pesticide concentrations during hibernation, larger bumblebee queens exhibit higher fatality rates.
Photo Source: Jessie Eastland (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Because of the increased soil contact, bumblebee queens—who typically survive the winter—are at greater risk.
Photo Source: Martin Cooper (CC BY 2.0)
North American wild bee populations are in decline.
Photo Source: skigh_tv (Pexels)
Interactions between fungicides and insecticides make them more toxic, which hinders bee reproduction and pollination.
Photo Source: PxHere
When exposed to a combination of insecticides, hoary squash bees produced fewer progeny and collected less pollen.
Photo Source: Bernard Spragg. (CC0 1.0)
Risks to ground-nesting species are overlooked in current pesticide testing, which concentrates on honey bees.
Photo Source: Conall (CC BY 2.0)
Reforms to pesticide registration, including soil residue testing and species-specific risk assessments, are advocated in the paper.
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